There are a couple of decent write-ups
here. Click on the FAQ tab. The one by cyberj914 is the one I can recommend. It's pretty out of date but is still a useful guide for starting out.
As far as CivIV is concerned it's a good foundation but you will be both surprised and shocked at how much more is involved with this game. IMHO there are far more ways to win in this game and almost infinite subtle variations of strategy that make this far more complex than Civ4, at least at the highest levels.
As far as being able to *quickly* link to stuff here, good luck. There's a lot of stuff here but you're pretty much going to have to search for it, no one is going to be able to give it to you on a platter.
As far as population growth, don't build any farms until you're ready, that keeps your pop (except your home planet) limited to 6B. Other than that there's no way to do it. However, you can just simply not worry about your approval and once it gets to 40% the planet will stop growing on it's own.