https://www.galciv.wikia.com/wiki/Cheats_and_keyboard_shortcuts
The Wiki has a good explaination on how to do it (updated locations here for GalCiv2 Ultimate locations). I can't think of a better way to explain it. You first have to _create_ the shortcut, then alter it. That's probably why you couldn't find the shortcut.
Copy-Pasted from the link... :
You can enable cheats by creating a shortcut to GalCiv2.exe and use that to start the game.
- Use Windows Explorer to find GalCiv2.exe, or right-click the game in Stardock Central and select Open Folder
- Right click on GalCiv2.exe (not GC2Launch.exe) and choose create shortcut
- Right click on the shortcut and choose properties
- Click in the target field and hit end, then hit space followed by the word CHEAT (no switch marks necessary)
For example:
"C:\Program Files\Stardock\TotalGaming\GalCiv2Ultimate\galciv2.exe" cheat
For Dark Avatar, the shortcut should be:
"C:\Program Files\Stardock\TotalGaming\GalCiv2Ultimate\DarkAvatar\GC2DarkAvatar.exe" cheat
For Twilight of the Arnor:
"C:\Program Files\Stardock\TotalGaming\GalCiv2Ultimate\Twilight\GC2TwilightOfTheArnor.exe" cheat