I also think that planetary invasion is a bit unbalanced for invaders and soldiering is a weak ability if compared to economy or research.Anyway there isn't a formula for advantage factor or it isn't yet posted but number of troops is not counted in AF.AF is influenced by:
-invaders got every time 5 points to advantage factor due to air superiority
-AF is influenced by soldiering,tech level and also courage (but i haven't any feedback about it)
-number of troops doesn't influence AF so if u have 10k or 1,5k troops it's the same
-AF is influenced by type of invasion tactic chosen
So concluding: Better soldiering,tech level and perhaps courage should influence AF but there is no formula or tools to calculate it, until a dev or a good soul explain the formula it's the factors u have to determine before invade a planet